System for ventilating rooms



Dec. 26, 1939. G. BQJNER 2,184,484

SYSTEM FOR VENTILATING ROOMS Filed'Ju'ne 28, 1937 Patented Dec. Z6, 1939 UNITED STATES SYSTEM FOR VENTILATING ROOMS Gustav Bojner, Stockholm, Sweden Application June 2s, 1937, seria1No.,15o,`s41 In Sweden November 23, 1936 r1 claim. (o1. :as-ss) A major problem in the art of ventilation is to supply and/or to remove sufficiently great quantities of Vair without producing any uncomfortable draft. It is a well-known matterof 5' fact that the inconvenience of draft cannot be removed by preheating the air supplied. The dernand for a frequent change of air was heretofore incompatible with thev condition of freeness of draft, and more or less unsatisfactory compromises were the result of these two contradictory facts.

'Ihe chief purpose of this invention is to remove such drawbacks and to render it possible to supply to and/or to remove from rooms and l5 more or less confined spaces or chambers great quantities of air without causing any uncomfortable and, to some persons, even dangerous draft. Another purpose of this invention is to supply the air to and/or to remove it from chambers or rooms, in currents whose directions and possibly also intensity vary continuously or intermittently at rather short intervals of time.

Another object of this invention is to change the direction of ow in the air inlets and/or air outlets periodically at such short intervals that no draft will be felt by persons in the room ventilated.

Another object of this invention is to supply the air pulsationally to the room or other chamber under ventilation.

Other objects of this invention will Ibe evident from the following specification and claim.

It hasl now been found that the uncomfortable or unfavorable action of draft, that is of flowing air, is felt and established only if the air flows continuously in the same direction or forms whirls or vortices either of a substantially stationary character (whirlpools) or moving substantially in the same direction. Of course, exw cepting those high velocities of air, which cannot practically be used in the ventilation of rooms, in which people are present, it has now been `established that physiologically air currents have no unfavorable or unpleasant action 45 upon the human body, if they do not blow continuously or for certain xed.- minimum periods in the same direction. These minimum periods' are somewhat different for different individuals, but may be determined rather precisely under the 50 conditions and circumstances in every case. The frequency used in changing the direction of the air currents in accordance with this invention, when intermittent operation is used, is to be so high that each period in either direction is well i 55 below such minimum value, which is thus a maximum value from the point of view of the present invention. It is -togbe observed that in .every individual case the length ofthe periods of reversal must be determined with regard, to the velocity of the air and to the shape of the cham- 5 ber vto be ventilated, but too short periods cannotbe used. As a convenient average, 1 to 5 reversals* per minute may be mentioned.

Various embodiments of the means for carrying this invention into effect are, of course, pos- 10 sible. Some. examples are shown in the annexed4 drawing, in which:

Fig. l shows a vertical section on the line I-I in Fig. 2 through a room ventilated in accordance with this invention. 15

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line II-II in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 shows a horizontal `section through a room, such as a theater, having a system of ventilation in accordance with another embodiment 20 of this invention.

Fig. 4 shows a horizontal section illustrating still another embodiment, having a lsingle inlet and double outlets.' y A Fig. 5 is a vertical section on the line V--V in 25 Fig. 6 through a plant embodying another modication of this invention.

Fig. 6 is a horizontal section on the line VI- VI in Fig. 5. K

Referring now to Figs. l and 2 of the drawing, 30 l indicates a room to be ventilated, such as a theater, a cinema, a workshop or the like. In this room two tubesor channels 2, 3 are arranged having perforated or slotted walls. A

supply pipe 4 for fresh air and a discharge pipe 35 5 for consumed or foul air have a common rotary valve or damper 6 at the junction point of the tubes 2, 3. Anelectric motor 'l is' operatively connected w'ith the valve 6 by a belt 8 or the like. The fresh air is pressed into the inlet 40 l by a ventilator or fan 9.

In operation, the motor 1 is run intermittently to move the damper 6 from the position shown by a full line in Fig. 2 to that shown by a dotted line, and vice Iversa. In the position shown by ya full line in Fig. 2 the damper 6 admits the fresh air from the pipe 4 to the `pipe 2, while the foul air is let out through the pipe 3 then in co-mmunication with the discharge pipe 5. Generaly, the increased pressure of the incoming air sumces for driving 'out the foul air through the discharge pipe 5 and it is, as a rule, not necessary to connect the pipe 5 with an exhaust fan or a chimney having natural draft. When the damper 5 is moved to its opposite position, as 55 shown by a dotted line in Fig. 2, the fresh air ows into the room'through the pipe 3 and the foul air is discharged through the pipe 2. The motion of the damper 6 from one end position to the other should' be rapid, to reduce the loss of fresh air by direct flow from pipe 4 to pipe 5. Preferably, the motion of the damper 6 from one end position to the other should be eiected in a few seconds or in even less than a second. It is necessary that the damper is reversed at such short intervals (generally from 1 to 5 reversals per minute) that no appreciable draft is felt in the room I, at least in those parts thereof in which persons are generally present.

In Fig. 3 the room la to be ventilated has a gallery or balcony IU. The supply pipe 4a for fresh air is connected with an inlet pipe 2a above said gallery and an inlet pipe 3a below the same. A damper 5a, which is intermittently or lcontinuously reversed or rotated, opens a communication from pipe lIa to either `or both of the pipes 2a, 3a. Bypreference, the damper 6a is rotated slowly. It is evident that the directions of the currents of air in-,the room Ia are varied as a result of the motion of the damper 6a. The foul air escapes through a discharge pipe 5a.

The same effect is attained, if the direction of flow in the pipe 4a is changed, that is, if 4a is a pipe for sucking air from the room I a.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the room Ib has an air supply pipe 4b connected with a distributing pipe I I with slots or perforations for letting in the air into the room. Two outlet pipes IE and I3 are shown which are connected to a common discharge pipe I5 by a valve or damper I4, which is rotated or reversed continuously or periodically by an electric motor I 5 through a reducing gear I1. A slow rotation of the damper I4 is preferred. It is evident that the currents of air from the distributor II will flow alternately to the outlets I2 and I3, and in some moments to both of them. Thus, the currents of air inthe room will incessantly change their direction, thus preventing the uncomfortable or unfavorable physiological action of draft.

In Figs. 5 and 6, the room has two slotted or perforated intakes I8, I9 for fresh air, arranged below the ceiling. At the iioor there are two outlet channels 20, 2| extending along two opposite walls of the room. A common inlet tube 22 for compressed fresh air is connected with the intakes I 8, I9 by a valve or damper 23. Analogously, a discharge pipe 24 for the foul air is connected with the two outlet pipes 20, 2| by a valve 25. 'Ihe two valves 23, 25 are rotated or reversed in unison by an electric motor 26 via a speed-reducing gear 2l. However, the Valves 23, 25 have an angular displacement of 90, that is the valve 23 is 90 in advance of or behind the valve 25. 'I'he main positions of the valves are shown in full lines and dotted lines, respectively. 'I'he directions of flow for the full line position are shown by full arrows, and the directions of flow corresponding to the dotted line position of the valvesl are indicated by dotted arrows.

The air supplied may in all cases be conditioned, that is, its temperature or percentage of moisture, orboth, may be regulated to the desired values, by well-known means.

W hat I claim is:

A system for airing rooms and other chambers* 

